Betty Parris

The character Betty Parris plays an important role in the story of the Crucible. As one of the girls who danced in the forest she is part of the play’s central conflict. She is the cause of the townspeople blaming witchcraft in the first place and she is also part of the reason that most of the characters are killed by the end of the fourth act. Through her actions over the course of the play, Betty is shown to be fearful, easily-manipulated, and an attention-seeker. In the Crucible, one of Betty’s main characteristics is her fearfulness.When her father catches her in the woods, she immediately faints to avoid any punishment and continues to pretend to be in a coma for a while after. Abigail convinces Reverend Parris that â€Å"Betty was frightened and then she fainted† (pg. 833) but it seems like what really happened was she was clever enough to avoid being reprimanded. She is also fearful of Abigail. After Betty wakes up, Abigail tells her that Reverend Parris knows everything and this causes her to â€Å"springs off the bed, and rush across room to window† (pg. 837) because she is afraid of what might happen.She is harassed and struck by Abigail after talking about Abigail’s charm to kill Goody Proctor and this causes her to submit to Abigail’s demands that no one speaks of what she did in the forest. Her fear of Abigail leads to her joining Abigail and the other girls throughout the rest of the play even though she seems to resent them. Another main characteristic of Betty is her tendency to be easily-manipulated. As one of the members of the group of girls who danced in the woods, she becomes a part of Abigail’s web of lies and deceit.At first she resists Abigail until Abigail threatens to come to her â€Å"in the black of some terrible night† (pg. 837) if she says anything about the charm. After that, she follows Abigail and the rest of the girls as they condemn the people of the town as well as when they lie in the courthouse and pretend to see Mary’s spirit attacking them. She follows Abigail’s every action and mimics anything that she does. This lets her lead Betty to do horrible things to people just because Betty is unable to stand up to Abigail.In the Crucible, Betty is also shown to be an attention-seeker. As a younger girl, she has the natural need for people to pay attention to her. This need is further amplified by her lack of mother, which leaves her fewer people to entertain her. When she is thought to be unconscious, many people come from all over town to visit her. Among these people is Mercy Lewis who claims to have wanted â€Å"to see how Betty is† (pg. 836). This may be another reason that Betty joins Abigail and the other girls in their escapades.She just needs the attention that the townspeople give them for condemning all the witches. One thing that shows Betty’s attention-seeking is when the psalm can be heard outside of the bedr oom, Betty â€Å"claps her ear suddenly, and whines loudly† (pg. 839). This action convinces everyone that Betty cannot hear the Lord’s name and the others mark it as a sign of witchcraft. Another example of this trait is shown when all the other girls are shouting out names in Parris’ house. When Betty begins to convict people with them, she stands on top of her bed as she does it.Even though Abigail and the other girls are all doing the same thing, Betty still wants the attention and so to stand apart from the others she puts herself on a higher pedestal to be seen. Through her fainting in the woods, to her participation in Abigail’s convictions, Betty Parris is shown to be fearful, easily-manipulated, and an attention-seeker. Her role in the Crucible is an important one that drives the plot and is the cause for anyone thinking witchcraft is involved in the first place.

Body Shop

Anita Roddick, OBE, and The body Shop International Plc FEDBACK FOR QUESTION WEEK 3 for week commencing 19. 03. 12 1. Evaluate the Financial Position of the Company (at the time of the case study) and comment upon the apparent success or otherwise of its strategy, based on your findings. Introduction We may consider a company’s strategy from a number of aspects, but generally we are interested in answering the question: How well is the company’s present strategy working? To understand and analyse success in terms of strategy, we must begin by understanding what the strategy is.From Thompson, Strickland and Gamble (2012) we might examine the following areas * Identify competitive approach * Low-cost leadership? * Differentiation? * Best-cost provider? * Focus on a particular market niche? * Determine competitive scope * Broad or narrow geographic market coverage? * In how many stages of industry’s production/distribution chain does the company operate? * Examine r ecent strategic moves * Identify functional strategies We can also assess performance in terms of both quantitative measures (financial and strategic achievements against budget, plans, etc. and look to see if its performance is above or below the industry average. We can also look at qualitative measures (such as brand awareness /status, consumer attitudes to the company, and so on). There is only limited information in the case regarding some of these areas, but I will attempt to look first at the strategy followed by Body Shop, then at the financial ratios based on its figures, non-financial measures and then finally draw conclusions that attempt to answer the question.Strategy being followed by Body Shop Porter’s Generic strategies, as amended by Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2002) are shown below. If we consider first, their competitive approach, there is no evidence in the case study that Body Shop has any concern about Cost Leadership, and in fact we know from the Tradi ng Charter and Mission (case, page 539) that the firm pays above market rates for goods it buys from suppliers in poorer countries, where it can, which is not something a cost-leadership company would normally do.We also have plentiful evidence from the case that Body Shop occupies a unique position in the cosmetics retailing industry, as it takes a highly principled stance on many issues, as indicated in my earlier answer to question 2, and shown in the firm’s mission statement, which mentions many areas of Corporate Social Responsibility – ecological and ‘green’ issues, human and civil rights, against animal testing of cosmetics, and so on. The company must therefore be following a Differentiation strategy.The question then is whether this is broad or narrow in focus, as suggested by Thompson, Strickland and Gamble, as mentioned earlier – their competitive scope. The decision here rests on how one defines the market: Body Shop is a retailer that a lso manufactures, within the cosmetics industry. It is a specialist retailer, not selling anything apart from its own products and is not configured and structured like bigger retailers such as – in the UK – House of Fraser, Debenhams, Boots, Marks and Spencer or Tesco, all of whom retail cosmetics amongst many other product ranges.I therefore conclude that Body Shop is a Focused Differentiator. Firms that seek differentiation, according to Porter, seek higher profit margins through finding something unique about themselves, which consumers value more than the offerings of competitors. In the case of Body Shop we might see this as being their highly visible and principled ethical stance, and the range of products which they sell, being organic, fair trade and ethically produced and traded, so their competitive approach and scope is Focus Differentiation, as such a stance is not likely to appeal to all shoppers.Similarly, some, at least would be indifferent to the organ ic/fair trade/human rights etc appeal of the stores and others might consider the range of products to be relatively limited and not of sufficiently high brand status, as the products in Body Shop stores fit in price and value terms between the low-cost products offered in stores like Sainsbury and Tesco, and the high-end cosmetics of Helena Rubenstein, Elizabeth Arden etc, sold via stores such as House of Fraser and Debenhams.In terms of recent strategic moves, we can see from the case only that the firm has expanded reasonably quickly, via franchising mostly; from the case it seems that about 80% of stores are franchised out. In terms of functional strategies, we can see the small amount of vertical integration mentioned in the case, whereby the largest part of the business is involved in running the owned shops and franchise, and a small amount of manufacturing in terms of soap products, etc.It is important to note that for the next section, examining Body Shop’s finances, the franchising approach is important, as it has a major impact on revenues – however successful a store is, the majority of revenues will go to the franchisee, not the Body Shop. According to Cavusgil, Knight and Reisenberger (Called CKR in future – from p 246), the initial revenue to Body Shop will be from the franchising fee, but then they will get regular revenues from product sales to the stores and from the royalty fees. This is likely to amount to about 30% of revenue in total (25% from product charges and 5% royalty fee).Body Shop’s Financial Position We are asked to evaluate the firm’s financial position. Briefly, Body shop is a retailer that sells in around 45 countries and uses a mixed mode of Franchising and FDI though investing in owned retail stores. So far as I can tell, about 80% of the 1,208 stores are franchised. Franchising is a particular form of retail expansion, where, according to Cavusgil, Knight and Reisenberger, an entrepreneur buys into an established brand system. The best known franchise is probably McDonalds, but Body Shop is a medium-sized international franchise, given its range of countries and umber of stores (much smaller than McDonalds, which has over 33,000 restaurants worldwide, and annual revenues (2010) of about ? 15 billion. I will come back to this more modern data later in my answer. When examining the financial basis of a business, there are – according to Thompson Strickland and Gamble – five areas which can be studied – 1. Profitability (the profits made by the business on its activities), 2. Liquidity (the ability of a business to pay its debts [creditors] and collect money from customers [debtors]), 3.Leverage (the amount of money invested in the business by shareholder – v – the amounts borrowed from financial institutions, to fund the business and invest in its future), 4. Business Activities (amounts of stock held in the business, how quickly it t urns over, and so on), and 5. Stockholder Interests (the amount of money paid in dividends, value changes in share prices, etc. ) * According to the lecture notes in week 10, Ratio analysis can be used to: * Compare the performance of a company over a period of time. Compare the performance of your own company with that of one of your competitors or the industry sector. * Detect weaknesses in aspects of your operations, e. g. debt management, stock levels etc. which you can improve. * Assess a company's exposure to short term risk through its liquidity (ability to meet debts). * Determine a company's profitability. Much of this data is useful only when considered against the performance of other firms and we have no data from the case to illustrate any of this. However, I have approached the financial situation analysis in two ways.First I look at the basic ratios for the firm and comment on them; second, I have compared the latest data for Body shop, with a number of its contempora ries, both in retail and in franchising, in order to make some valid comparisons. Profitability the commonest ratios are Profit before Interest payments on loans, Taxation, Depreciation and other fixed costs like mortgage payments. Often referred to as operating profit or EBITDA; for Body Shop in 1995 I have calculated this as Profit for the year/turnover*100 (from figures, case pp553/4), this is 33. 5/219. 7*100 = 15. 24%.Calculated in the same way, net profit would be 21. 8/219. 7*100 = 9. 9%. Liquidity the commonest ratio here would be the Current Ratio, which measures balance of current assets against current liabilities, which for Body Shop yields a ratio of 2. 29:1. Similarly the Quick Ratio, which is a similar calculation but ignoring inventory or stock, would yield a ratio of 0. 83:1. This indicates that the business is not perfectly liquid and would struggle a little to pay off all of its debts (a ratio of 1:1 indicating perfection here) – but this is not seen as a p roblem when the ratio is over 0. . Without any share price data it is impossible to calculate meaningful ratios for stockholders, so we can only note that the dividend paid to shareholder appears high, at ? 11. 50 per share for 1995 (case, p. 554). A major measure for stockholders, however, might be Return on Shareholders equity, as this is the best comparison to the return that the investor might make if he or she had invested their money in a bank Savings account. For Body Shop I calculate this as: Net profit/Total Equity*100 or 21. /110. 6*100 = 19. 7%. However, these numbers by themselves, tell us only that the business is profitable and is a sound going concern, with a decent profit margin and a fair coverage against its debts. For shareholder it is making a very good return on invested amounts of nearly 20% – at a time when savings accounts would maybe have yielded 6%) and is paying a handsome dividend. We might conclude that the business is financially sound, therefore .Moreover, using Franchising as a way to expand internationally is a relatively low cost and low-risk method, according to CKR, as the franchisee pays for the initial setting up of the store; the stock; staff recruitment and training; and advertising and promotion. They also pay – in this case – to Body Shop PLC for the stock they must subsequently sell in their store and the franchise royalties on turnover. This is a very effective business model and allows a strategy of international expansion to take place reasonably quickly and at reasonably low risk. Conclusions General comments about the success of the strategy and body Shop’s financesBased on this evidence, it is possible to state that Body Shop’s financial position is clearly comfortable and they appear to have a sensible strategy for international expansion, which is sustainable, in that they have transferred the majority of risk for their expansion to the franchisee. The group should be able to comfortably expand its foreign operations in this manner, for a number of years. However, at the moment, as I indicated in my answer to question 1, the company at present has a very simple structure and this may have to change as the number of stores, and the number of countries in which they operate, continues to grow.We also know, from my answer to question 2, that in terms of what we might call non-financial measures, Body Shop is highly regarded as an excellent example of an Ethical and Corporately Responsible company. We might therefore conclude that both the financial and non-financial evidence as presented supports the view that B0dy Shop is a well-run business and has a sensible strategy that will allow it to expand. Comments updating Body Shop’s Position Without comparative data, however, it is impossible to make much more of an analysis or draw conclusions from the business.We know that the case ends in 1995/6 and that about ten years after this, the firm was sold t o L’Oreal, a very large, French-based cosmetics producer. This caused some controversy as it was not clear if L’Oreal still tested products on animals (they do) and if so, how such a principled owner as Anita Roddick could sell out to a large corporate that seemed to embody many of the things she had supposedly dedicated both her personal and professional life to fighting. However, the sale went ahead and the business has been part of the French company now for 7 years.Today (2011) it has expanded to 2,748 stores, of which 1,639 (59%) are franchised. This is interesting as it tells us that the proportion of franchised stores has fallen since 1995, even though the number of stores has more than doubled in 16 years. This would indicate a change in strategy, but it is not clear whether this was pre or post the L’Oreal takeover. Finally, in order to look at Body Shop in comparative terms, I prepared data for them and a number of rivals, which is presented below. | | Revenue ? billion| EBITDA ? million| EBITDA %| Net profit? million| Net Profit %| House of Fraser| | 0. 596| 36. 8| 6. 7| 8. 2| 1. 3| Debenhams| | 2. 112| 189. 7| 8. 98| 97. 0| 4. 6| Boots| | 23. 330| 1,444. 0| 6. 17| 221. 0| 0. 9| Marks and Spencer| | 9. 50| 852. 0| 9. 00| 523. 0| 5. 5| Tesco| | 60. 93| 3,810. 0| 6. 25| 2,670. 0| 4. 4| Body Shop| | 1. 01| 144. 4| 14. 2| 41. 2| 4. 1| McDonalds| | 15. 06| 4,670. 6| 31. 0| 3,093. 1| 20. 5| I chose data for several large retailers, like Tesco and M&S who sell at least comparative products to Body Shop, House of Fraser and Debenhams because they sell higher level products and McDonalds as the most obvious franchiser example.Regarding the large retailers, although Body Shop remains a small business, internationally speaking (just about ? 1 billion in turnover), its net profit margins are at the top end of those of its retailing rivals, but fall well short of its main franchise rival. My conclusion which I made at the end of question 2â €™s answer – that I am sure the impact of the ethical stance affects the performance of the company – is thus thrown into some doubt, but it would need much more research into the comparative financial data in order to prove or disprove this view.

Smoking And Coronary Heart Disease Health And Social Care Essay

Medical inventions and quickly germinating engineering has led to a lessening in the rate of mortality from diseases. However, the fast and invariably altering feverish life style of today has led to the debut of new diseases, unhealthy life style and early, premature deceases. Today ‘s engineering has provided us with the benefits of early sensing and preventative interventions and replies to some of the antecedently incurable diseases. But it has brought in increased emphasis and unhealthy feeding and other wonts that have in some ways caused more harm than benefit. This study titled â€Å" Smoke: The Heart Breaker † is a expression at the current state of affairs of coronary bosom diseases caused by smoke, relevant statute laws, policies and patterns, schemes to cover with the state of affairs and hereafter of the disease at local, national and planetary degrees. The study will get down by discoursing the smoke and coronary bosom disease as a public wellness issue and the grounds for concern. It will supply a background to assist better understand the present state of affairs along with an epidemiology of the disease and its causes, with particular mention to smoke. It will so travel on to describe about the legislative policies and schemes that are being presently undertaken in the part of Burnley, East Lancashire to counter this peculiar wellness issue. The study will besides discourse the policies and enterprises and the position of the wellness issue at national and planetary degree, so as to supply a complete and holistic image of the earnestness of the wellness issue. Finally the study will discourse the current schemes being employed by the authorities every bit good as non-government bureaus to undertake the wellness issue. Recommendations will besides be made to assist do an betterment in the current state of affairs.2.0 Public Healt h Issue: Coronary Heart Disease due to SmokingThe term ‘Coronary bosom disease ‘ is used to depict a status of obstruction or break of blood supply to the bosom due to build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arterias ( NHS, 2009 ) . This build-up ( called atheroma ) can take to deficient supply of blood to the bosom doing hurting in the thorax known as angina. A wholly out of use arteria can take to a bosom onslaught ( called myocardial infarction ) ( NHS, 2009 ) . There are assorted mild to critical impacts of this status that even ensue in decease. Harmonizing to the British Heart Foundation Statistics ( 2009 ) , diseases related to the bosom and circulatory issues are the biggest cause of deceases in the UK, ensuing in over 90,000 deceases in the UK in a twelvemonth. This has resulted in non merely raised concerns about the disease but besides turning attempts to increase the consciousness about the disease, its causes, and preventative every bit good as precauti onal steps that can assist to avoid the disease. The state of affairs is n't any brighter in other parts of the universe. Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) , the bulk of states around the universe are affected by coronary bosom disease and the disease is a major slayer, particularly in developing and transitional states of the universe. In a WHO study, cardiovascular diseases ‘ including coronary bosom disease is considered to be the taking cause of decease and is projected to increase from 17.1 million in 2004 to 23.4 million in 2030 ( WHO, 2004 ) . Among the assorted causes of coronary bosom disease, smoke is regarded to be one of the primary causes. Harmonizing to the WHO study, tobacco-related deceases are expected to lift from 5.4 million in 2004 to 8.3 million in 2030, stand foring 10 % of all planetary deceases ; and smoke has been associated to cardiovascular diseases and subsequent deceases ( WHO, 2004 ) . Harmonizing to a survey conducted in 2008, smoke is the taking cause of cardiovascular diseases including coronary bosom disease ( Bullen, 2008 ) . Though increasing age has been thought as a cause of coronary bosom disease, two surveies have found that improper life style, emphasis, etc are increasing the mortality rates due to coronary bosom disease among the immature population in the UK, USA and Australia ( Nemetz, Roger & A ; Ransom, 2008 ) & A ; ( Ford & A ; Capewell, 2007 ) . Therefore, the turning concern for this disease and its preventable yet common cause is the pick of subject for this study.2.1 Background and EpidemiologyCardiovascular diseases including coronary bosom disease have been found to be an indifferent slayer that can make mayhem in any society irrespective of its economic, political, cultural, spiritual, regional or racial individuality. Similarly, baccy smoke ( either active or inactive ) is known to be a major cause of many diseases including the coronary bosom disease. Given the nerve-racking life style in today ‘s universe, many people take up smoking to undertake the emphasis degrees and in the procedure get a ddicted. They non merely harm themselves but besides people around them. The part of Burnley in East Lancashire, is no exclusion to this tendency. Bing witness to many friends and household members taking up smoking in the name of alleviating emphasis and so acquiring addicted and eventually stoping up enduring from diseases, particularly coronary bosom disease inspired the pick of subject for this study. There are several causes that can ensue in coronary bosom disease. The NHS lists smoke as the major cause of the disease ( NHS, 2009 ) . The assorted other causes of coronary bosom disease have been listed as high blood force per unit area, high degree of cholesterin in blood, presence of thrombosis and / or diabetes unhealthy life style with no regular exercising, fleshiness and a household history of angina and / or bosom onslaught ( which are familial ) ( Nemetz et al, 2008 ) . The hazard factors associated with coronary bosom diseases which can non be treated, modified or changed include age, gender and heredity ( or race ) . Increasing age increases the hazards of coronary bosom disease and human death from it. Men are found to be at a greater hazard of enduring from coronary bosom disease in comparing to adult females ( Wells, 1999 ) . Heredity of coronary disease or its causes such as diabetes, high blood force per unit area, and cholesterin are besides known to make hazards o f coronary bosom conditions. The causes such as smoke, high degree of cholesterin in blood, high blood force per unit area, physical inaction, being overweight and / or fleshiness and diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) are some of the hazard factors of coronary bosom disease that can be modified, changed and controlled by taking medicine and / or by following a healthy life style. Other hazard factors and causes of the disease include emphasis and intoxicant dependence and can in certain fortunes prove to be fatal causes of the coronary bosom disease ( Ewles & A ; Simnet, 2003 ) . Comparative informations of the effects of coronary bosom disease in different states do non supply a really positive image ( see appendix 1 ) . Harmonizing to a World Health Organisation study study, the mortality from cardiovascular diseases in 2002 for the developed states like the United Kingdom and the United States was higher than many other developing states like China, India, even Nigeria ( WHO, 2002 ) . It is clear from the informations, that developing states have a much higher mortality rate from cardiovascular and accordingly coronary bosom diseases in the developed states like UK, USA, Germany ; and an of import fact to notice is that the decease rate is higher in the European part in comparing to other parts of the universe. This most likely can be attributed to the inordinate usage of baccy, intoxicant, improper life style that increases emphasis degrees, improper eating wonts that leads to blood sugar and cholesterin in the blood. The baccy use in different states around the universe besides points towards the ghastliness and outrageousness of the state of affairs, through which one can appreciate the hazard of baccy doing farther deceases due to coronary bosom disease ( WHO, 2008 ) . The WHO report on baccy ingestion in different states show that despite authorities enterprises and ordinances, the baccy ingestion has largely increased and has led to increased mortality particularly in the age groups between 25-45 old ages. Though coronary bosom disease is of planetary nature without any sort of boundary, assorted specific groups of people are in greater hazard of holding the disease in comparing to others. The affinity to holding coronary bosom disease is dependent on factors such as geographics, heredity, age and gender. Work force are at an increased hazard of enduring from coronary bosom conditions as compared to adult females ( Wells, 1999 ) . Increase in age increases the opportunities of enduring from coronary bosom disease ( DoH, 2004 ) . Coronary bosom conditions are besides known to be prevailing among Mexican Americans, some Asiatic Americans, American Indians, and Native Hawaiians ( American Heart Association, 2010 ) . England is one of the most vulnerable states in Europe when it comes to coronary bosom diseases ( NHS, 2009 ) . Populations in developing and developing states of the universe excessively are at a higher hazard of enduring from coronary bosom disease and related human deaths ( American Heart Association, 2010 ) . Smokers, corpulent people and people with high blood cholesterin are besides included in the high hazard group for coronary bosom disease. Female tobacco users are more susceptible to the disease particularly with increased age since females are more susceptible to the dangers of smoking in comparing to work forces ( WHO, 2002 ) . With increased impact of aggressive and unhealthy life style and emphasis, the immature population across the developed states of the universe excessively are progressively coming under the hazard of coronary bosom disease ( NHS, 2008 ) . Therefore, these hazard factors result in the coronary bosom disease taking on a pandemic nature if certain precautional and preventative steps are non taken to command the hazard factors that can be influenced.3.0 Schemes, Policies and EnterprisesGiven the turning concern about coronary bosom diseases, deceases due to the disease and the impact on the younger population, authorities bureaus around the universe are taking stairss to battle the turning threat. Non-governmental and private bureaus excessively are fall ining the attempts to advance a healthy life style and consciousness about preventative techniques that can assist to convey down the hazards associated with the disease and the lifting instances of human deaths. This subdivision of the study looks at the schemes, docket, policies, that are being undertaken at the local ( NHS East Lancashire, 2010 ) , national and planetary degrees to battle coronary bosom disease.3.1 Local Public HealthIn East Lancashire, several workshops and other programmes have been undertaken to increase consciousness, educate and assist the occupants of the country give up smoke and follow a healthy life style that will assist forestall and contend coronary bosom disease. The MPs in the part are promoting antismoking statute laws and policies being adopted by the governments. The NHS has introduced the construct of fume free zones. The SMYL programme is advancing healthy life style and eating wonts ( NHS East Lancashire, 2010 ) . Another run called ‘Could it be you ‘ was besides started in 2008 to assist people fight coronary bosom disease and follow healthy and preventative life style ( Chime Communications Plc, 2008 ) . The governments in East Lancashire have besides collaborat ed with different bureaus to get down webs that can advance anti baccy run and raise consciousness on coronary bosom disease ( NHS Networks, 2010 ) . This engagement of the authorities every bit good as non-government bureaus in the country, one can be hopeful that headroom will be made into the affair. However, it is of import that the public realise the criticalness of the state of affairs and take advantages of the programmes being undertaken to hold a long, healthy and disease free life.3.2 Deductions at the National LevelThe National Heart Forum ( 2006 ) indicated that bosom diseases cost the UK around ?29 billion per twelvemonth and was termed as ‘economic load ‘ . There are several programmes that have been taken up by the wellness attention governments and the authorities in coaction with non-government bureaus to advance anti smoking wonts in the state. Several regional programmes such as Bolsover – Teenage Smoking Programme, Corby – Smoking Cessat ion Programme, Halton – Smoke-free Programme, London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Tobacco Control Alliance, Pendle – Smoke-free Council, Heartbeat Awards, the GO Smokefree Campaign, etc have been launched in an earnest to control the turning consequence of smoke in the state ( I & A ; DeA, 2009 ) . Several governmental statute laws have besides been put into topographic point ( I & A ; DeA, 2007 ) . The Department of Health has besides started programmes such as Start4Life, 5 A Day, National Support Teams and Let ‘s Get Moving to advance healthy life style that can assist to forestall coronary bosom disease ( DoH, 2010 ) . Therefore the assorted authorities and nongovernment bureaus in UK are doing attempt to command smoking wont and better life style of the citizens of the state thereby guaranting a brighter future free from smoking and coronary bosom disease.3.3 Global HealthThe battle against smoke and coronary bosom disease has taken tremendous proportio ns with the turning realization that these are two of the most of import slayers in the universe today. Particularly, the apprehension that smoking causes diseases such as the coronary bosom disease non merely in the tobacco user but besides in non-smokers who have been in the presence of tobacco users, has led major administrations and developed states of the universe to taking a base against smoke. The ‘Work with Heart ‘ undertaking by WHO is assisting to distribute the message of preventative actions that can assist in forbiding coronary bosom disease and other cardiovascular diseases ( WHO, 2010a ) . WHO has besides taken up research and planetary partnership enterprises to assist the developing states of the universe battle cardiovascular diseases ( WHO, 2010b ) . Furthermore, WHO has aligned with several states in the universe to advance regional activities under the planetary scheme to counter cardiovascular diseases which includes America, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa, South-East Asia, European part and Western Pacific ( WHO, 2010c ) . To assist contend the smoke dependence turning among states, WHO has set up the Global Tobacco Surveillance System ( GTSS ) ( WHO, 2010d ) and is besides join forcesing with different international administrations such as the United Nations and the authoritiess of assorted states to assist run against sale and usage of baccy among different states ( WHO, 2010e ) .4.0 Recommendations and DecisionUpon analyzing the current state of affairs on a local, national and planetary footing, the undermentioned recommendations can be made: Enterprises to forestall coronary bosom disease and advance anti smoke wonts need to be undertaken at the grass root degree, i.e. at local degree. This will do the enterprises and runs more effectual. The developing states such as India, Brazil and China need to be targeted with assurance. Further researches into preventative and healing medical specialties and engineerings for coronary bosom diseases need to be promoted. Healthy life style demands to be promoted at every degree since preventative patterns are more good than healing 1s. It is of import to gain that despite several enterprises being taken by local, national and planetary bureaus and authoritiess, smoking tendencies are increasing around the universe and has started to impact the immature population. Coronary bosom disease excessively has started to take its toll on the population around the universe due to the feverish and unhealthy life styles that have come to pervade people ‘s lives. It is extremely indispensable that for the success of the enterprises and programmes, people must be involved in them and everyone across the Earth has to gain that simple alterations to their life style, eating wonts and anti smoke steps will assist to contend and forestall coronary bosom disease. The alterations in life style will besides convey down coronary bosom disease caused due to other factors such as emphasis, intoxicant, blood sugar and cholesterin. To reason, it can be stated that bar is better than remedy and discontinuing smoke and taking a healthy life style can protect everyone from the soundless slayer, the coronary bosom disease ( Ewles & A ; Simnet, 2003 ) .MentionsAmerican Heart Association ( 2010 ) Hazard Factors and Coronary Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml? identifier=4726 ASH ( 2009 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Execution of the Smoke-free Law in England, Wales and Northern Ireland [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_594.pdf Ash ( 2007 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Smoke and Diseases [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_94.pdf Ash ( 2010 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Smoke Statisticss [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_93.pdf Ash ( 2010 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Tobacco Economicss [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_95.pdf Ash ( 2009 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Tobacco Regulations [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_96.pdf British Heart Foundation Statistics Website ( 2009 ) Mortality [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heartstats.org/topic.asp? id=17 Bullen, C. ( July, 2008 ) . Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 883-895. Chime Communications Plc ( 2008 ) East Lancashire PCT Enlists BMT to Develop a Campaign to Undertake the Region ‘s Biggest Killer [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chime.plc.uk/press-releases/bmt-launches-east-lancashire-pct-campaign-could-it-be-you Department of Health ( DoH ) ( 2010 ) Public Health [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/index.htm Department of Health ( DoH ) ( 2004 ) The National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease: Wining the War on Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4077154 Ewles L, Simnett I. ( 2003 ) . Promoting Health: A Practical Guide. London: Balliere Tindall. Ford, E. S. & A ; Capewell, S. ( 2007 ) Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Young Adults in the U.S. from 1980 Through 2002. Concealed Levelling of Mortality Rates Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, pp. 2128-2132. Improvement and Development Agency ( I & A ; DeA ) ( 2009 ) Smoking [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do? pageId=5889940 Improvement and Development Agency ( I & A ; DeA ) ( 2007 ) Smoke-free Legislation [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do? pageId=6166044 National Health Service ( NHS ) ( 2009 ) Health A-Z: Coronary Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx National Health Service ( NHS ) ( 2008 ) Rates of Heart Disease in the Young [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/news/2007/January08/Pages/Ratesofheartdiseaseintheyoung.asp National Heart Forum ( 2006 ) Economic Cost of Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heartforum.org.uk/AboutCHD_Economicburden.aspx Nemetz, P. N. , Roger, V. L. , Ransom, J. E. , Bailer, K. R. , Edwards, W. D. , Leibson, C. L. ( 2008 ) Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Coronary Disease: A Population-Based Autopsy Study of Non-natural Deaths Archival of Internal Medicine Vol. 168, No. 3, pp. 264-270. NHS East Lancashire ( 2010 ) SMYL If you want to populate longer [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smyl.eastlancspct.nhs.uk/welcome/ NHS Networks ( 2010 ) East Lancashire Public Health Network [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.networks.nhs.uk/networks.php? pid=727 Smoke Free ( 2007 ) Smoke-free Legislation Compliance Data [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smokefreeengland.co.uk/files/dhs01_03-smokefree_report_final.pdf Wells, A. J. ( 1999 ) Passive Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 341, No. 9, pp.697-698. World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2004 ) Causes of Death ( portion 2 ) . The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_part2.pdf World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010a ) Cardiovascular Diseases: Key messages to protect bosom wellness [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/ World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2002 ) Global Burden of Disease in 2002: Data Beginnings, Methods and Results [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //apps.who.int/infobase/compare.aspx? dm=10 & A ; countries=818 % 2c250 % 2c414 % 2c484 % 2c554 % 2c566 % 2c643 % 2c710 % 2c826 % 2c840 & A ; year=2002 & A ; sf1=mo.cg.059 & A ; sex=all World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010d ) Global Information System on Tobacco Control [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/tobacco/global_data/en/index.html World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010e ) Global Network [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/tobacco/global_interaction/en/ World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010c ) Regional Activities to the Global CVD Strategy [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/region/en/ World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010b ) Research and Global Partnership Initiatives [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/research/en/ World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2008 ) Tobacco Use: Infobase [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //apps.who.int/infobase/report.aspx? rid=116 & A ; dm=8BibliographyAmerican Heart Association ( 2010 ) Hazard Factors and Coronary Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml? identifier=4726 Ash ( 2007 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Smoke and Diseases [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_94.pdf ASH ( 2009 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Execution of the Smoke-free Law in England, Wales and Northern Ireland [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_594.pdf Ash ( 2009 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Tobacco Regulations [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_96.pdf Ash ( 2010 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Smoke Statisticss [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_93.pdf Ash ( 2010 ) Ash facts at a glimpse: Tobacco Economicss [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_95.pdf British Heart Foundation Statistics Website ( 2009 ) Mortality [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heartstats.org/topic.asp? id=17 Bullen, C. ( July, 2008 ) . Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 883-895. Chime Communications Plc ( 2008 ) East Lancashire PCT Enlists BMT to Develop a Campaign to Undertake the Region ‘s Biggest Killer [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chime.plc.uk/press-releases/bmt-launches-east-lancashire-pct-campaign-could-it-be-you Department of Health ( DoH ) ( 2004 ) The National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease: Wining the War on Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4077154 Department of Health ( DoH ) ( 2010 ) Public Health [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/index.htm Ewles L, Simnett I. ( 2003 ) . Promoting Health: A Practical Guide. London: Balliere Tindall. Ford, E. S. & A ; Capewell, S. ( 2007 ) Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Young Adults in the U.S. from 1980 Through 2002. Concealed Levelling of Mortality Rates Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, pp. 2128-2132. Hill, S. Blakely, T. , Kawachi, I. , Woodward, A. ( 2004 ) Mortality Among â€Å" Never Smokers † Populating with Smokers: Two Cohort Studies British Medical Journal Vol. 328, No. 7446, pp. 988-989. Improvement and Development Agency ( I & A ; DeA ) ( 2007 ) Smoke-free Legislation [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do? pageId=6166044 Improvement and Development Agency ( I & A ; DeA ) ( 2009 ) Smoking [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do? pageId=5889940 Jiang, H.E. , Vupputuri, S. , Allen, K. , Prerost, M. R. , Hughes, J. , Whelton, P. K. ( 1999 ) Passive Smoking and the Hazard of Coronary Heart Disease – A Meta Analysis of Epidemiological Studies New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 340, No. 12, pp. 920-926. Kaur, S. , Cohen, A. , Dolor, R. , Coffman, C.J. , Bastian, L.A. ( 2004 ) The Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Women ‘s Hazard of Diing from Heart Disease: A Meta Analysis Journal of Women ‘s Health Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 888-897. National Health Service ( NHS ) ( 2008 ) Rates of Heart Disease in the Young [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/news/2007/January08/Pages/Ratesofheartdiseaseintheyoung.asp National Health Service ( NHS ) ( 2009 ) Health A-Z: Coronary Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx National Heart Forum ( 2006 ) Economic Cost of Heart Disease [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heartforum.org.uk/AboutCHD_Economicburden.aspx Nemetz, P. N. , Roger, V. L. , Ransom, J. E. , Bailer, K. R. , Edwards, W. D. , Leibson, C. L. ( 2008 ) Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Coronary Disease: A Population-Based Autopsy Study of Non-natural Deaths Archival of Internal Medicine Vol. 168, No. 3, pp. 264-270. NHS East Lancashire ( 2010 ) SMYL If you want to populate longer [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smyl.eastlancspct.nhs.uk/welcome/ NHS Networks ( 2010 ) East Lancashire Public Health Network [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.networks.nhs.uk/networks.php? pid=727 Smoke Free ( 2007 ) Smoke-free Legislation Compliance Data [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smokefreeengland.co.uk/files/dhs01_03-smokefree_report_final.pdf Wells, A. J. ( 1999 ) Passive Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 341, No. 9, pp.697-698. Whincup, P. H. , Gilg, J. A. , Emberson, J. R. , Jarvis, M. J. , Feyerabend, C. , Bryant, A. , Wakler, M. , Cook, D. G. ( 2004 ) Passive Smoking and Risk of Coronary Disease and Stroke: Prospective Study with Cotinine Measurement British Medical Journal Vol. 329, No. 7459, pp. 200-205. World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2002 ) Global Burden of Disease in 2002: Data Beginnings, Methods and Results [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //apps.who.int/infobase/compare.aspx? dm=10 & A ; countries=818 % 2c250 % 2c414 % 2c484 % 2c554 % 2c566 % 2c643 % 2c710 % 2c826 % 2c840 & A ; year=2002 & A ; sf1=mo.cg.059 & A ; sex=all World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2004 ) Causes of Death ( portion 2 ) . The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_part2.pdf World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2008 ) Tobacco Use: Infobase [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //apps.who.int/infobase/report.aspx? rid=116 & A ; dm=8 World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010a ) Cardiovascular Diseases: Key messages to protect bosom wellness [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/ World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010b ) Research and Global Partnership Initiatives [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/research/en/ World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010c ) Regional Activities to the Global CVD Strategy [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/region/en/ World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010d ) Global Information System on Tobacco Control [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/tobacco/global_data/en/index.html World Health Organisation ( WHO ) ( 2010e ) Global Network [ Online ] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/tobacco/global_interaction/en/

Soviet Bloc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Soviet Bloc - Essay Example From World War II (WWII), there arise an imposed domestic revolution in Yugoslavia which emerged as a new socialist order that promised something profoundly new to those who lived under it in the form of social equality. However, the Eastern Europe side after emerging from WWII could have the opportunity to represent a greater break with the past than the promise that the elite class or the powerful would be considered low, that those who had been nothing. Even in member states that were economically developed and followed democracy like Czechoslovakia, this embodied a thrust toward egalitarianism and in response Hungary and Poland, given their traditional elitist social orders and yawning gaps between gentry and mass, it meant no less than transformation of the very bases and premises of society. The Soviet elite was a ruling group that could be clearly defined in context with the Western society where there were competing hierarchies based on wealth, political power, professional status, and religious authority. Mawdsley & White (2000) points out that in a society of the Soviet block, it was the regime itself that chose through the appointments system for the people who occupied the highest-ranking positions in government, in the economy, and in public life (Mawdsley & White, 2000: vi). It was clear that those who were chosen as the elite class were also members of the party bodies through which this form of domination was exercised. The main point that arises here is that to what extent according to Soviet block societies were seen as pyramids to answer a question that even for the Soviet case about how far from the vertex the defining line of the elite should be drawn. In looking at the Soviet elite we should consider all members of the Communist Party. Communist Rule and Policies As a world's first socialist state, the Constitution of Soviet Union only allowed a communist rule which was later by some member countries like Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia introduced elements of market-based reforms before the collapse of the Soviet Union (WB, 2002). As a communist state, it was only possible through Soviet's permission to allow Hungary and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to find their own future and it was Soviet pressure that encouraged Vietnam to do the same (Segal et al, 1992: 10). However, in many cases Soviet's example was not perceived as it was supposed to be accepted like in the Chinese and North Korea, it was dealt with pessimism but it is fair to say that no matter what happened to reform in the Soviet Union, the fate of the Soviet's revolution was important to all. Economic Performance The former member states never fulfilled revolutionary promises, particularly when they promised equality. Parliamentary democracy was neglected and remained involutorial in the region except in Czechoslovakia, yet subordination to the Communist regimes left less personal or

Problem question in contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problem question in contract law - Essay Example 14). The acceptance of an offer results in a valid contract. The offeree makes the acceptance in response to the offer made by the offeror. Acceptance must be unqualified, and unambiguous (Barry, 1992, p. 14). The offer made by the offeror to the offeree has to be accepted by the latter, if a binding contract is to ensue. The offeror has the choice of specifying the manner in which the offeree has communicate acceptance of the offer. This makes it incumbent upon the offeree to communicate acceptance without any deviation (Kelly, et al., 2011, p. 234). As such, in certain contracts, one of the parties promises to perform some action, if the other party does some specific act, even though the other party does not promise to perform that act. Such contracts are termed as unilateral contracts. As such, acceptance may be construed from conduct and there is no necessity for it to be communicated (Marson, 2010, p. 16). The readiness to accept offers or to enter into negotiations constitutes an invitation to treat. The main issues to be considered for solving the problem are: Whether there is a valid contract between Julia and O’Brien. Whether the telephonic acceptance by O’Brien concludes a contract between Parsons and O’Brien. ... This enraged Julia, who left the shop. An offer must be unambiguous and can be express or implied. The display of goods in a shop does not constitute an offer. It is merely, an invitation to treat. The offer comes into being when the customer selects some goods and expresses his willingness to purchase them (Barry, 1992, p. 14). Thus, it is the customer who makes the offer, in such instances. In Fisher v Bell, it was held that the display of items with a price tag in shop windows was an invitation to treat (Young, 2010, p. 13). In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, the defendants were the producers of a medicinal product called the carbolic smoke ball. This company gave an advertisement in the local newspapers, wherein it promised a reward of ?100 to anyone who contacted influenza or any other disease resulting from catching a cold, after having used their product. It also prescribed the dosage of the carbolic ball to be used, in its advertisement. The company also declared that one ball would last a family for several months (O'Sullivan & Hilliard, 2010, p. 15). The plaintiff Mrs. Carlill bought a smoke ball duly believing the contents of the advertisement, and used the medicine as directed by the company. However, she was infected by influenza, despite using the smoke ball for the required period and in the prescribed manner (O'Sullivan & Hilliard, 2010, p. 16). The Court held that the newspaper advertisement, in this case constituted an offer. In addition, it was held in Grainger Son v Gough that the circulation of a catalogue by a seller of goods does not constitute an offer and that it was merely an invitation to treat. This reiterated in Fisher v Bell, wherein the display of goods in a shop window, was deemed an invitation to treat and not

Marketing Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Process - Essay Example Marketing is a continuing ongoing process; its environment is always dynamic. This means that the market tends to change-what customers want today is not necessarily what they want tomorrow (Background, n.d.). Marketing issues are important in all areas of the organisation. In business organisations, marketing efforts (including such services as promotion and distribution) often account for more than half of the price of a product (Background, n.d.). From the time of the industrial revolution until the early 1920's, production concept was the idea that an organistion should focus on those products that it could produce most efficiently and that the creation of a supply of low-cost products would in and of itself create the demand for the products. The key questions that a firm would ask before producing a product were: can we produce the product can we produce enough of it During those times, the production concept worked well due to the fact that the goods that were produced were mo stly those of basic necessity and there was a relatively high level of unfulfilled demand. Virtually everything that could be produced was sold easily by a sales team whose job it was simply to execute transactions at a price determined by the cost of production. The production concept prevailed until the late 1920's before mass production become a norm (The marketing concept, 2005). During the early 1930's however, mass production had become commonplace, competition had increased, and there was little unfulfilled demand. During this time, business organisations began to practice the sales concept (or selling concept), under which companies not only would produce the products, but also would try to convince customers to buy them through advertising and personal selling. Before producing a product, the key questions were: Can we sell the product Can we charge enough for it The sales concept paid little attention to whether the product actually was needed; the goal simply was to beat the competition to the sale without paying attention to consumer needs and desire. Marketing was a function that was performed after the product was developed and produced, therefore, many people came to associate marketing with hard selling. Until today, most people use the word "marketing" when they really mean sales (The marketing concept, 2005). The Marketing Concept However, after World War II, the variety of products increased and hard selling no longer could be relied upon to generate sales. With increased flexible income, customers could afford to be selective and buy only those products that will exactly met their fast changing needs, and these needs were not right away known. The key questions became: What do customers want Can we develop it while they still want it, How can we keep our customers satisfied (The marketing concept, 2005) In reaction to these sensitive customers, firms began to adopt the marketing concept, which involves: Focusing on customer needs before developing the product, Aligning all functions of the company to focus on those needs, realising a profit by successfully satisfying customer needs over the long-term

How the civil rights movement affected Greensboro NC Research Paper

How the civil rights movement affected Greensboro NC - Research Paper Example The extent of the segregation was very significant that it was even evidenced among the dead with the bodies of the whites and those of blacks required to be buried on different cemeteries (Greene 43). These laws humiliated the African Americans and they started the path to rejecting the laws in the 1930s although the impact was minimal until the nineteen 1960 when the protests and Civil Rights movements became a national issue. In 1960, a series of events were evidenced in North Carolina that played a significant role towards the beginning of Civil Rights Movement with the events gaining national recognition. These events include the Greensboro Sit-in as well as Ku Klux Klan Versus Communist Workers Party in 1979 among others. Other groups that played a significant role towards Civil Rights Movements in North Carolina include the HBCU evidenced in A&T and Bennet proving vital in the struggle of integration throughout the region. Before embarking on the one of the events that occurred in North Carolina to spark the Civil Rights Movement in the region, it is important to note that those events received sponsorships from various organizations. The sponsorships ensured the activities of the civil rights movements remained energize and effectively organized while also remaining focused (Greene 129). These groups includes The Congress Racial Equality that is associated with sponsoring Freedom Rides through 1961together with black as well as white bus riders in Greyhounds and Trailways buses who challenged segregation among others. Inspiration was also drawn from civil rights leaders among them Doctor Martin Luther King JR who advocated for non-violent as well as peaceful protests. The first major event during the year 1960 refers to the Greensboro Sit-ins that played a significant role in provoking all sorts of emotions across the nation as they received national wide focus and remain a significant part of the American civil

Construction Contracts in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Construction Contracts in Context - Essay Example Hoover‘EmUp PLC (‘Hoover’) brought out share of SkyHigh Project Limited (‘SkyHigh’) which was a middle sized contraction company. The initial designs were done by PrimeDesign Partnership (‘PrimeDesign’). Hoover had a lawyer who helped him in his projects. The lawyer usually goes through his paper to be updated with the agreements he is in. During one particular diligence exercise he noticed that Hoover had misstated some of his documents. Being a written contact it might give the opponent a good hand in case of a dispute. The statements brought him into a big problem for design defects were noticed in the building. When Hoover noticed the problem he blamed it to PrimeDesign. The use of different legal issues in construction was the only way they have to meet their claims2. A good construction contract should be able to adhere to the Legal issues related to construction. Different contractual and legal issues were noticed in the case. Legal issue discovered during the investigation of the case3. The first issue was the one that deals with contractors and subcontractors. The issue deals with matters concerning what contractors are held liable during the building process4. It states that contractors and subcontractors are liability in automobile, commercial general and worker compensation/ employers’ liability. Hoover being the employer of PrimeDesign he is protected by this law. He has the right to sue PrimeDesign and claim for compensation. He can use the advantage of this law to ensure that SkyHigh has been compensated completely or partially for the design problem which is expensive. Another issue is in term of risk of the property or the builder. Risk of property of builder section tackled accidents that may lead damage of property or bodily damage. The decisions are made based on different considerations. Location of the project, type of project, cost associated with the project, type of contract, owner’s desires

Introduction to Human Resource Management Essay - 2

Introduction to Human Resource Management - Essay Example From the report it is clear that induction training is one of the important and beginning steps for the new as well as the existing employees to revitalise their creative ideas and thus contribute to the overall efficiency of the organisation. It also intends to increase the employees’ willingness motivating them to be more enthusiastic at work emphasising on both the existing and fresh employees. This process intends to be highly beneficial for the new employees motivating them to become more productive cooperative towards the company statement as well as the vision of the company by generating awareness regarding the previous records and achievements by the organisation. This discussion stresses that the next step of the induction training is to provide the information about organisational structure to the employees indicating the overall structure of the organisation. This includes the different divisions as well as the briefing about the responsibilities possessed by the employee groups. The step following this process will intend to provide a briefing about the HR Policies of the company referring it to be one of the most important facets of induction training encompassing with the different processes in the working period excluding the operation level works. It is worth mentioning in this context that the involvement of effective HR policies of an organisation signifies the different phases of the employees from the reporting time to the time when the employee decides to resign from the organisation.

Historical Periods and Feminist Stylistics Coursework

Historical Periods and Feminist Stylistics - Coursework Example However, the rise of women to power did not take place in an impulse. It happened in stages, and this stage-by-stage change may have been reflected in the literature (as a mouthpiece for context, society) across these periods. Language stylistics is the product and/or evidence of this evolution of language. This paper analyses this accompanying reflective evolution of language stylistics based on three texts from three periods: Shakespeare’s Macbeth from the renaissance and reformation period; Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility from the romantic period; and Hume Sotomi’s The General’s Wife from the post-modernist period. This analysis will cut across the three levels of language: the word (vocabulary); the phrase or sentence; and the discourse. Renaissance and Reformation Period: Grammatical Possession in Shakespeare’s MacbethWhile the aspects of feminist stylistics may have to do with the evolution of feminist movement, the fact that it focuses mo re on female writers makes it only natural that the feminine voice should be pronounced in their works, feminist movement or not. But in the broader discussion on the evolution of feminism, to give voice solely to the women would not be fair. A male voice is equally important, at least for balance’s sake. Besides, the feminine voice is only identifiable vis-Ã  -vis the masculine voice. But most importantly, men have also been part of the feminist movement. The plan is to find how this is exemplified in language. Shakespeare is a suitable candidate. Not only because he is male.

5 Steps To meeting Someone New Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 Steps To meeting Someone New - Essay Example If your date enjoys music, perhaps the obvious choice would be attending a music concert. Instead, however, consider going on step further and take a portable CD player, a picnic basket and your date out for a quiet lunch under the sun. If your date is a film fanatic, avoid a crowded theater and opt for a projector and find the perfect place to host your own private showing of a comedy movie that's sure to bring a smile to your date's face. By being creative, you will show that you have put thought into the evening.The second step is making your First Impression. First impression plays an important role when you're meeting up with a woman, because your first impression can either make it or break it. A lot of guys don't take this seriously, but it's a fact that if you're able to make a GOOD first impression, then chances of you getting with that girl will be around 90%. But if you fail to do so, then your chances are reduced dramatically to 20%. Just think about this, you just went o n a blind date and it turns out to be that the girl doesn't smell nice, her hair looks awful and she didn't put too much effort dressing up. Would you want to meet up with her again I don't think so!! So here are some simple things you need to remember, in order to make a good first impression. Always look your best and smell good.

Communication Style Case Study Essay Example for Free

Communication Style Case Study Essay Communication style is the method used to deliver our messages to others. Its outcome is affected by the style chosen by the individual to relay our message. The different styles are passive, assertive, aggressive, passive-aggressive. Throughout my experience in healthcare, I have either witness or taken part in different situations that used different styles of communication. There are three specific personal scenarios that come to mind when I think about the different styles of communication. First Personal Scenario During a nursing school hospital rotation I was assigned to follow a registered nurse and witness communication between the nurse and client. The nurse entered the clients room and without a courteous greeting such as good morning or a simple hello stated, â€Å"Mrs. Jones here is your medication.† The client responded, â€Å"I do not want it. All you do all day is give me too much medication.† The nurse replied with a firm tone of voice and eye rolling, â€Å"You have to take it. How do you expect to get better if you do not take your medicine?† Both the nurse and client used aggressive communication. The nurse could prevent the conflict with the client had she initiated an assertive style of communication. To improve the communication the nurse should respond assertively with a moderate voice pitch, a relaxed body stance, acknowledge the clients feelings, and encourage the client to address her concerns (Arnold Boggs, 2011). Also the nurse should explain why the client is being given the medication to help the client understand the reason. According to Hansten and Jackson (2009), to make communication clear we must explain why we need to take such actions. In this scenario the outcome using an aggressive style will lead to failure to achieve a client focused therapeutic relationship. Instead the client feels that they  cannot trust the nurse and respond aggressively. Trust is an essential component to a therapeutic relationship (Arnold Boggs, 2011). Had the nurse approached the client with a simple greeting followed by the name of medication and the reason for taking it, perhaps the client would have been more willing to be compliant with the recommended care. Second Personal Scena rio Recently I witness a situation where a nursing assistant was sitting at the nursing station and the nurse was walking by holding medications and a water cup in her hand. The nurse asked the nursing assistant, â€Å"The call light is on in room five and I need to give another client his medications. Would you please see what the client needs.† The nursing assistant crosses her arms and replies, â€Å"I am tired of these lazy nurses. I always have to do everything.† The nurse rolled her eyes and replied, â€Å"Just do your job and do what I asked.† In this situation the nursing assistant responded aggressively. The nurse first used the assertive style then replied using the aggressive style. Instead the nurse should have been consistent with an assertive response. For example she could of replied without rolling her eyes, using a medium voice pitch, abstain from insults, and acknowledge the other persons feelings (Hansten Jackson, 2009). The other person is more likely to listen if they are not feeling insulted and preventing the conflict from escalating (Hansten Jackson, 2009). Also, conflict should be addressed and not ignored to resolve it (Arford, 2005). In this situation the poor communication caused a lack of trust and took the focus away from the clients care. This in turn can cause retaliation among peers and jeopardize quality client care. Both conflicting parties are forgetting that their goal is to provide quality client focus care and collaboration is essential to deliver it. Collaboration helps accomplish better outcomes than one person alone (Arford, 2005). Third Personal Scenario I had a personal situation where the doctor ordered for a twenty-four hour urine collection. The procedure involves collecting the urine immediately after the client voids and transferring it to a special container kept on ice, to preserve the urine. I informed my nursing assistant, â€Å"I started a twenty-four hour urine collection in room 5. Can you please make sure to  check frequently for urine in the bedside commode and place it in the collection container.† The nursing assistance replied, â€Å"Ok. I will.† The next time I went into the clients room I noticed the ice where the container is kept had melted. I then replaced the ice and told my nursing assistant, â€Å"I noticed the ice had melted in room five. Please check on the ice levels hourly.† She replied, â€Å"Ok. I will.† It seemed as if every time I checked on the ice levels they had melted. I found myself frustrated and ended replacing the ice myself to get the job done correctly. I reali ze now that my communication with my assistant was non-assertive. My assistant was passive in her response. I failed to assess my assistant’s level of understanding of the procedure and instead I lost trust and became frustrated. Communication should be clear, complete and explain why we need a task done a certain way (Hansten Jackson, 2009). If I would of taken the extra time to explain the reason why we keep specimens on ice perhaps my assistant would of taken the time to do the task. In return I would have been able to attend to others duties had I been able to trust my assistant. Instead my message was incomplete and my reaction demonstrated a lack of trust toward my assistant. References Arford, P. H. (2005, March/April). Nurse-physician communication: An organizational accountability. Nursing Economics, 23(2), 72-77. Retrieved on March 16, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/2369346accountid=458 Arnold, E., Boggs, K. U. (2011). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. Hansten, R. I., Jackson, M. (2009). Clinical delegation skills: A handbook for professional practice (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Polynomial Matrix Decompositions

Polynomial Matrix Decompositions The interest and dramatic increase in demand for high-speed data transmission has exploded since the introduction of triple play multimedia services. One of the pioneering contributions is the increasingly higher data rates achievable through the use of multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) channels. A further increase in data rates is possible through a well-coordinated multiple channels. Precoding and equalization transmission blocks represent a typical coordinated strategy that enhance the channel capacity of a deterministic narrowband MIMO channel. This strategy can be derived by performing a singular value decomposition (SVD) of a channel matrix. These blocks allow a MIMO channel matrix to solve a host of special multicarrier problems using the orthogonal property of the system. It can also be exploited to approximate low-rank channel matrix by reducing the dimensionality of high-dimensional data sets. The technique referred to here as an orthogonal spatial multiplexing (OSM) method. OSM allows multiple users to use a given bandwidth simultaneously by dividing the available channel into multiple narrow orthogonal bands that are spectrally spaced. Each band is then divided into numerous subcarriers, which are structures so as not to interfere with one another. The transmit signal is then modulated onto these subcarriers. The technique exploits physical separation methods that permit the sharing of channel resources simultaneously.   Every users becomes spatially spaced far enough from each other to counteract interference.   In addition to spacing, dual polarizations are introduced to further avoid interference. When signalling over MIMO channels using an orthogonal spatial multiplexing, an SVD can be used to derive every sub-carrier/tone. In the traditional method, an increase in the number of tones also increase the complex computational load.   It is therefore the focus of this study to investigate an alternative means for obtaining an efficient decomposition. A MIMO channel can be modelled as a weighted sum of the past and present samples of transmit data. The channel considers a finite impulse response (FIR) filters that can be represented by a covariance matrix whose elements are polynomials. This study focuses on investigating algorithms that decompose the covariance matrix directly. Approximation factors can then be introduced to obtain the Precoding and equalization transmission blocks. Existing polynomial singular value decomposition algorithm is used and studied in the context of channel quality and computational complexity settings. The decomposition algorithms were shown to give decompositions of good channel quality, but if the goal is to obtain Precoding and equalization transmission blocks, the computational load is restricted with higher multidimensional channels. An algorithm for approximating direct decomposition of covariance matrices is investigated. Although we discuss simple cases resulted in excellent decompositions but analyse with numerical stability of a spectral factorization steps for large-case decompositions. For high frequency selective MIMO channels, the performance achieved by utilizing the polynomial SVD algorithm were compared to the channel capacity. It was shown that if the transmit sequences are approximated individually at the receiver, as done in the traditional approach, the performance more likely to be sensitive to errors in the decomposition. An equalizer with a spatially joint detector seems promising to achieve a better performance close to the single-user transmission. With such an equalizer, the low complexity property of the traditional approach is compromised with performance. Summarizing, this study has shown that a MIMO channel can be diagonalized in space and frequency using spatial multiplexing method in conjunction with a polynomial SVD algorithm. In order to reach better performance close to the achivable of a single-user, the computational load becomes restraining compared to the traditional approach, for channels with higher multidirectional channels.

Was Darwin a Eugenicist?

Was Darwin a Eugenicist? Aiden Tamasauskas Charles Darwin is often cited as one the most pivotal contributors to the human understanding of evolution. His magnum opus On The Origins of Species, documents his groundbreaking observations and theories from his voyage on the HMS Beagle. Darwins work on natural selection lead to the view of evolution as being a process of deviations, the degree to which stems from an original organism. The varieties of organisms that have survived over time have done so because of their specific aptness for their environment, and nothing else. Essentially Darwin helped introduce the theory of survival of the fittest-in other words, chance, as a central feature of biological development. At the time Darwin released his theories, the notion of chance was hugely controversial, and lead to questions concerning the very sanctity and precariousness of animal life. It was not until the publishing of The Descent of Man that Darwin dealt explicitly with the subject of the evolution of humans. Darwin decisi vely concludes that humans are descendants of less complex life forms and that the particular ways in which they have adapted to their environment is the paramount feature of their survival. Some scientists took from Darwin the theory of natural selection, and sought to synthesize it or manipulate it. The field of eugenics essentially claims that by genetic intervention the human race can be improved. There are some who would claim that by making humans less essential-or important-biological figures, and by putting their destiny in the hands of chance, Darwin somehow advocates for a type of eugenics or a genetic intervention or modification in the process of human life. This paper will demonstrate through an analysis of The Descent of Man, that Darwin was emphatically not a eugenicist. This will be argued by contrasting the claim that Darwin was a eugenicist with an in-depth examination of Darwins understanding of human sociality desire, sympathy, and natural and sexual selection. To begin, Darwins treatment of how society and societal values contributed to anthropogenesis shows an initial incongruence between Darwin and eugenicists. Darwin claims, man is a social being. We see this in his dislike of solitude, and in his wish for society beyond that of his own family. (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,529). Already, we can see that Darwin wants to highlight the way in which society is a product of both an aversion to isolation and a calculated decision to stay amongst others. But why? There are sets of values (whether they be morals or behavioural norms) that at some point the ancestors of humans developed and began performing. Darwin clarifies, saying, although man, as he now exists, has few special instincts, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] this is no reason why he should not have retained from an extremely remote period some degree of distinctive love and sympathy for his fellows. (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,530). This quote explains that man has acquired a sense of obedience and love for his community, but by chance. This uncertainty of how these senses of love and obedience came about should be read as an embracing or acknowledging of the unknown processes of deep time and natural selection, not a call to learn how to synthesis and produce genetic changes to these sensations. In other words, if one tribe included [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] a great number of courageous, sympathetic and faithful members, who were always ready to warn each other of danger, to aid and defend each other, this tribe would without a doubt succeed best and conquer the other (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,535). Here Darwin shows that sentiments that were beneficial to tribes were often used to the advantage of the most successful tribes, which shows that the group mentality of society has come about by virtue of both instinctual sentiments and the adopting of qualities that increase the success and decrease the difficulty of survival. Ultimately survival is a product of batt ling and adapting to ones environment. What sets human community apart from that of lower animals is the sensation of regret they feel when having not acted in accordance with certain moral conduct. This is an appeal to humanitys concern with mental contents. If a human enacts, Darwin says, any desire or instinct, leading to an action opposed to the good of others, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] he will feel no keen regret at having followed it; but he will be conscious that if his conduct were known to his fellows, it would meet with their disapprobation; and few are so destitute of sympathy as not to feel discomfort when this is realized. (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,532). This is essentially what structures human morality. This conclusion agrees well with the belief that the so-called moral sense is aboriginally derived from the social instincts, for both relate at first exclusively to the community. (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,532) This is to say that humans have a certain predisposition to acting in accordance with past impressions (this includes acting nobly and acting out of pure desire) whereas other animals act instinctually without a moment of remembrance, regret, sympathy or empathy. Darwin also thinks that primeval man, at a very remote period, was influenced by the praise and blame of his fellows, meaning that he highly values mental charm and virtues (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,537, 559). Whether acting as a society in response to their environment (natural selection) or choosing a mate (sexual selection) Darwin believes that humans have a special concern for each other that is not possible to foster through eugenics. What is of the utmost importance to this discussion is the way in which Darwin believes that this predisposition accumulated over the long span of anthropogenesis-it has no intrinsic or necessary meaning other than its haphazardness. Darwins most notorious development, natural selection, is a theory that arguably serves as the antithesis of eugenics. Darwin explicitly explains that all the social qualities, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] were no doubt acquired by the progenitors of man in a similar manner, namely, through natural selection, aided by inherited habit. (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,535). Besides instinctual habit-based decision making, social attributes in humans are a product of natural selection; that is, sociality has been selected as the most beneficial arrangement for human lifes survival against its environment. It is an intellectual fallacy to equate the work done on the theory of natural selection to a secularized teleology, or blueprint of nature. Rather, natural selection is the unpredictable work of nature, not an objective plan. It is a law that is as random as it is inevitable. As opposed to being the law of a god, natural selection follows from the struggle for existence; and this from a rapid r ate of increase [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] had he not been subjected to natural selection, assuredly he would never had attained to the rank of manhood. (Darwin, Descent of Man, Carroll,540). In the same way that humans construct their society and its value judgments, natural selection is a process created by the struggle for life. This means that natural selection is a process that requires life to exist. A eugenicist would seek to intervene in the making of life in order to produce a life that is better. And thus, eugenics strives to prevent the very life that makes conceivable natural selection-the possibility for evolution-from ever coming about. It is obvious that Charles Darwin, the father of natural selection, would never endorse a means to intervene in the highly conditional, random work of natural selection. In conclusion, at his time, many were outraged by Darwins theories. But what the most extreme misinterpretations of Darwin conclude about his theory of evolution is that he would ever endorse a preemptive intervention in the unraveling of life. That is, Darwin cannot be read as ever endorsing a eugenics program, as natural selection is literally the process of pre-established life fighting and adapting with its unpredictable environment. Darwins conclusion is that man descended from a lower form of life, and is marked by a difference in degree not kind from other species. This is not to insist upon the interference in the progression or evolving of humans as a species, but rather privledges the role that chance places in the struggle for life. By paying close attention to some of the tenants of his thought, this paper has shown that Darwins Descent of Man is a work that in no way advocates eugenics. In fact, his work resists any call to planned or calculated interference in human lif e. Bibliography Darwin, Charles. Descent of Man. Ed. Joseph Carroll. On the Origin of Species. Broadview Press, 520-600. Print. Certification of Authenticity I certify that I have read the Statement on Intellectual Honesty for this course, agree to abide by them and herewith confirm that this essay is wholly my own new and original work except where I directly quote from or allude to other sources, in which cases these sources are acknowledged through the use of full bibliographic citations and in no cases are the words of other writers placed in my essay verbatim without a clear indication that they constitute direct quotations. Signature: ___________________________

A Twiggy Image Essay -- Essays Papers

A Twiggy Image 1. Not merely handled as a precious package, but portrayed as one. Physically, she fit the part. Her hair was bobbed short to her jaw and always slicked down, parted from one side across to the other. It was a soft blonde; perhaps the only soft thing about her as the rest of her body met at sharp angles and was marked with dark lines. The skin appeared silky, unblemished and unwrinkled, still glowing with the youth of seventeen years. The eyes that met yours were large and dark, a very dramatic appeal. The lashes were fake; long and thick layers outlining the sunken pupils. Her lips sat pursed between a perfectly pointed nose and chin. This face graced the cover of Life , Look , Newsweek , Vogue , and Seventeen and filled pages within numerous American magazines and newspapers. The body that supported such a face stood as the foundation for fame and the force driving the photos. Measuring five-feet six inches from her blond head to her trendy shoed toes, she was lanky. At only ninet y-one pounds, the long limbs were nothing but flesh and bone. Knobby knees and jutting elbows made graceful movements angular. Flat. No breasts curved out from her torso and no buttocks rounded from her back. She was shapeless, asexual. Thus, she was distinctive; no one before had looked quite like her. She was the â€Å"It Girl,† who resembled an adolescent boy. She was England's â€Å"Face of ‘66† (Whiteside 87). And when she stepped off of the airplane at JFK International Airport in New York in 1967, Twiggy became a â€Å"universal heroine for teenagers† (Whiteside 54). 2. In 1967, America was hit with its newest trend—Twiggy. She emerged suddenly, appearing with the wink of a darkly lined and thickly lashed eye. Twiggy's impact, how... ...nda Benn. â€Å"This Year's Girl: A Personal/Critical History of Twiggy.† On Fashion . Ed. Shari Benstock and Suzanne Ferriss. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1994. 41-58. Freeman, Jo. â€Å"The Women's Liberation Movement: Its Origins, Structures and Ideas.† 23 April 2003 . Lawson, Twiggy. Twiggy in Black and White: An Autobiography . London: Pocket Books, 1997. Twiggy. Twiggy . London: Hart-Davis, Mac Gibbon, 1975. Whiteside, Thomas. Twiggy and Justin . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1968. Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society . New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. - - -, Marxism and Literature . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977. Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty are used Against Women . New York: Doubleday, 1991. 9-19, 179-217.

Essay --

Cifunsa Cifunsa pertenece al Grupo Industrial Saltillo uno de los grupos industriales mà ¡s grandes de Mà ©xico, fundado en 1928. Y como su pagina web lo dice, CIFUNSA es una de las fundiciones de hierro independientes mà ¡s grandes del mundo. Ofrecen alta calidad en la fabricacià ³n de productos con precios competitivos y servicio de clase mundial. Propà ³sito: "Contribuir al à ©xito de nuestros clientes proporcionando los mejores productos y soluciones de ingenierà ­a." Misià ³n: Fabricar piezas de hierro maquinadas y/o ensambladas para la industria en el mercado global, creando valor para nuestros accionistas, clientes, personal y comunidad donde participamos, en un ambiente de seguridad, trabajo en equipo, à ©tica, disciplina y mejora continua. Visià ³n: Ser reconocida como una empresa de clase mundial rentable y competitiva que ofrece productos de fundicià ³n de hierro maquinados. Con la persona que fui no me supo decir cuantas personas trabajan ahà ­, ni el estimado de ganancia anualmente, pero el Grupo Industrial Saltillo da empleo aproximadamente a mà ¡s de 9,000 personas y tiene ingresos anuales de mà ¡s de $860 millones de dà ³lares. Tienen varias plantas, las plantas 2, 3 y 4 està ¡n ubicadas en Saltillo Coahuila. La planta 5 està ¡ ubicada en Irapuato. En el centro del paà ­s desde donde facilita las entregas a las plantas automotrices de la regià ³n del Bajà ­o en Irapuato, Silao, Querà ©taro, Aguascalientes, Toluca y Guadalajara. Esto da a CIFUNSA una gran ventaja para la exportacià ³n de sus productos hacia los mercados automotrices en la regià ³n NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y Europa, manteniendo un portafolio de negocios balanceado exportando directa o indirectamente 85% de su produccià ³n. Polà ­tica ambiental: â€Å"En Cif... ... a 2011. Administracià ³n por procesos: Se sigue implementando la administracioÃŒ n de procesos a nivel taÃŒ ctico y operativo en todos los Negocios. Para ello, se trabaja en la consolidacioÃŒ n de los planes de venta y operacioÃŒ n, desarrollo de nuevos productos, innovacioÃŒ n y mantenimiento, entre otras acciones. Gestià ³n de riesgos: Para elaborar planes de mitigacioÃŒ n o eliminacioÃŒ n de riesgos, se debe contar con informacioÃŒ n que permita identificar las eventualidades que ponen en riesgo las operaciones y proyectos estrateÃŒ gicos. En 2012, los Negocios del Grupo alcanzaron el nivel 3 de competitividad, en una escala de 5. Este indicador denota que el balance entre las fortalezas y debilidades operativas permite lograr los objetivos comprometidos. Grupo GIS presenta una innovacià ³n tecnolà ³gica inigualable, la cual los hace ser là ­der del sector en las à ¡reas que se especializa.

Philosophy Life Examination

My Life Examination First of all, my previous essay was a part of my life examination. I am glad you caught me on plagiarizing because now I really know that you read all of our essays. Unfortunately a few of my classmates and I did have doubts about it. Also, I feel like I can argue a lot for plagiarizing, but that is not what this assignment is about. Even though I agree with Sergey Trufanov’s ideas about life in general, I do not feel like I can explore them further and simply reciting them would also be considered as plagiarism.But I do have my own conclusions about life examination, disappointments, and death. I cannot say that I am a philosopher, just like I cannot say that I can speak English. In order to claim that, a person needs to be comfortable using his tools to be considered a professional, which unfortunately, I am not, but I do believe that my ideas deserve to exist and to be explored in philosophical ways. Life examination. To examine life you need to test it, challenge it. Everyone knows that you won’t know till you try, but for some reason not everyone does it.In my opinion it is better to do something and regret it than not do anything and regret not even trying. It refers even to the smallest things, like a new flavor of ice-cream. How would you know that you do not like it unless you taste it? Trying things is the only way to figure them out. I have so much of personal experience about trying new things, and it proved itself every single time. Like when I came to United States five years ago; I did not speak a word of English, I did not know how to drive, I was scared beyond belief, but trying new things got me to where I am.It is okay to be scared, but it is not okay not to challenge your fears and examine life in every way possible with everything that raises questions. Here I agree with Socrates â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living. † Disappointments. Disappointments are worthless. They are based on our exp ectations of results. If you do not want to be disappointed, stop waiting for things and people to meet your expectations. We all are our own people. We do not live to please everyone around us. Why expect everyone around me to please me, if I am not doing it for everyone else?Why expect a sunny day and get disappointed if it rains? I am not the center of the universe, so why should it be sunny for me? We are causing things to upset us and at the same time we are blaming everyone and everything else. Of course people are selfish, it is just a human nature, but if we are selfish, why do we let things ruin our lives simply by expecting good things to happen? Everyone is trying to do whatever makes them happy and feels good. Why get disappointed if it upsets us. People are so controversial. Death.I agree with Arthur Schopenhauer on the subject of death. Crying for dead is like crying for someone who was never born. Why we are so scared of death? We all know that we are going to die, so I believe that being ready for it is more important than being scared of it. But how can we be ready? Well, examining life to its fullest would do the trick. Doing new things, answering questions, exploring the unknown, all of that makes death just one of the projects. Possibly one the last ones, but we do not know, till we try.We are scared of death because we do not know what is waiting for us after we leave this world and this life. But exploring everything here and now makes it easier and simpler to move on and accept the fact that we are done. Thinking that after we die the world will not be the same is just another example of human selfishness. How many people have died before us? How many will die after? And the universe is still here, it is still growing, it is still alive. One death is just one drop in the ocean; it will not change the world.And Schopenhauer’s quote â€Å"Matter, which now lies before you as dust and ashes now, dissolved in water, will settle as cr ystal, will shine in a metal, scatter electric sparks in a galvanic voltage show the power, that by expanding the strongest connection, turn the earth mass into metal; and not only that: by itself it will embody in plant and animal, from its mysterious womb will produce the very life, the loss of which you are so afraid of in your narrow-mindedness† shows that we never die completely, therefore being afraid of death thinking that without us the world will not be the same is very much silly.As you can see, in this essay I did not use any philosophical terms, but this is My Life Examination, in my life I do not use terms, I use simple language because like Einstein said â€Å"If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. †

The American Response to the Holocaust

The final solution is considered as one of the most barbarian and controversial events in the history of the world. This was a time which showed the devastating oppression and persecution of the Jewish mint. Because of it, the unite States of America was forced to dumbfound drastic measures against the national socialist Regime. Nevertheless, the expected result feeler from the U. S. was futile. It is very interesting to break down as to the motives john the events during that time, especially with how the United States of America responded.The final solution is described as the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six one million million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2008). The word Holocaust originated from a Greek word, which means sacrifice by fire. In January 1933, the Nazis hold authority in Germany. They believed that the Germans belong to a superior locomote and the Jews are believed to be inferior as compared to them. The Jews are in any case perceived as a threat to the German race, which is the reason the Nazi regime ordered the dissolution of the Jews.The German also attacked other(a) groups that they deemed as racially inferior like the gypsies, disab conduct, and most Slavic peck. Moreover, other groups were also targeted receivable to ideological and behavioral reasons such as the Communists, Socialists, and even homosexuals (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2008). During the foster World struggle, the United States of America did non even attempt to rescue the Jews and other victims of the final solution as this was not include in their list of priorities.Even the people trusty in the constitution making mould of the allied forces also did not have sex how would they be able to implement a rescue trading operations for these victims. The difficulties in attending for these people are largely due to the parado x of obtaining visas for them to the United States.The ideas of anti-semitism or the disfavor against Jews, isolationism, xenophobia or the fear of foreigners as wellhead as the situation of economic first and the refugee insurance of the U. S. State Department led by Cordell Hull made the intro of refugees in the country very baffling (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2008. The U. S. immigration indemnity indeed had an adverse effect in rescuing the people under the German atrocities and this is clearly seen in the incident of the S. S. St. Louis.When St. Louis sails from Hamburg to Havana, there were 937 Jewish refugees on board who were trying to manage the German persecution. Each refugee has a logical visa that would allow them to enter Cuba temporarily.However, as the boat arrived in Havana the Cuban governance announced that the visas were invalid and disallow their entry into the country. Negotiations were made with the Cuban establishment as well as with the U. S. government to allow the refugees to enter their countries but these did not succeed. The boat stayed for 12 days in the port of Havana and then in Miami afterwards it was forced to return to Europe. As a consequence majority of the passengers died in the duration of the war (Glazer, 2006).The Roosevelt administration also did not do much efforts to aid the victims as well as the refugees of the Nazi because they deemed that the best means to save these people is by winning the war against Germany as quickly as possible. It was only when the refugee difficulty was worsening that President Roosevelt established the War Refugee Board, an independent agency that has the responsibility of speech the Nazis civilian victims. However, the agency rescued refugees sexual climax from the free zones instead of the territories invaded by the Nazis (Glazer, 2006).In the constitute of 1944, the Allied governments were already aware of the commodious gassings that are taking place in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Jewish leaders have already begged the U. S. government to destroy the gas domiciliate as well as the railways towards the camp. Instead, the U. S. snap force bombs the Auschwitz-Monowitz industrial complex that is five dollar bill miles away from the gas house. The reason behind such decision is due to the circumstance that not bombing the gas chamber and the railways leading to it is was part of the United States wartime policy (Glazer, 2006).Basically, rescuing the victims of the holocaust especially the Jewish cosmos is highly dependent in the wartime policy of the U. S. It is just unfortunate that rescue operations are not a priority in their policy. There have been efforts coming from the American Jewish community to salvage their condemnableow Jews who were being persecuted but they, were unnerved that this would result in a stronger impression of domestic anti-semitism and jeopardizing their relationship with the Roosevelt administration.The de ficiency of interest of the U. S. government in rescuing the victims of the holocaust is the primary reasons such efforts only fell on deaf ears (Glazer, 2006).References Glazer,S. D. (2006). Winning the War. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http//myjewishlearning.com/history_community/ upstart/Overview_The_Story_19141948/The_Holocaust/AmericaResponds. htm.United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (2008). The Holocaust. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http//www. ushmm. org/wlc/article. php? lang=en&ModuleId=10005143.